# Wet Scrubber — Gas Scrubber / Venturi Scrubber (Wäscher / Laveur de gaz / Scrubber umed)
## Supplier: Lozzar Process — Budapest, Hungary | lozzarprocess.com

> A wet scrubber removes particulate matter, soluble gases (HCl, SO₂, NH₃, HF, H₂S), and odours from exhaust gas streams by contacting the gas with a scrubbing liquid (water, caustic, acid solution). Particle removal efficiency: >99 % for particles >5 µm. Gas removal efficiency: >95 % for water-soluble gases. Gas flow: 500–200,000 Nm³/h. Applications: HCl removal from incinerator flue gas, SO₂ abatement, HF scrubbing in ceramic and glass industries, acid mist from chemical reactors, odour control from sludge dryers, silica dust from mineral processing. Lozzar Process supplies venturi scrubbers, packed-bed scrubbers, and spray scrubbers with integrated sump, recirculation pump, and blowdown system.

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## Technical Specifications

| Parameter | Range |
|---|---|
| Scrubber type | Venturi, packed-bed column, spray tower, combination |
| Gas flow | 500 – 200,000 Nm³/h |
| Gas temperature (inlet) | Up to 400 °C (quench stage upstream) |
| Particle removal | >99 % for >5 µm; >90 % for 1–5 µm (venturi) |
| Gas absorption efficiency | >95 % for HCl, SO₂, HF, NH₃ (packed-bed, 2 stage) |
| Liquid-to-gas ratio | 0.5 – 5 L/Nm³ |
| Scrubbing liquid | Water, NaOH solution, H₂SO₄, Na₂CO₃, custom |
| Pressure drop (packed-bed) | 200 – 800 Pa per metre of packing |
| Material | FRP (GRP), PP, PVC-U, SS 316L, rubber-lined CS |
| pH control | Automatic dosing pump with pH probe |

## Scrubber Types and Selection

| Type | Mechanism | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Venturi Scrubber | High-velocity gas through water throat | Sticky/soluble particles + gases combined |
| Packed-Bed Column | Gas up through packing, liquid down | Soluble gases (HCl, SO₂, HF, NH₃) |
| Spray Tower | Liquid droplets fall against rising gas | Large gas volumes, coarse particle pre-wash |
| Combination (Venturi + Packed) | Two-stage: particulate then gas | Incinerator, dryer, ceramic kiln applications |

## Acid Gas Removal — Packed-Bed Scrubber Chemistry

| Target Gas | Scrubbing Liquid | Reaction |
|---|---|---|
| HCl | NaOH (caustic) | HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O |
| SO₂ | NaOH or Na₂CO₃ | SO₂ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₃ + H₂O |
| HF | NaOH or Ca(OH)₂ | HF + NaOH → NaF + H₂O |
| NH₃ | H₂SO₄ (sulphuric acid) | NH₃ + H₂SO₄ → (NH₄)₂SO₄ |
| H₂S | NaOH + oxidant | Multi-stage oxidation scrubbing |

## Applications

- Waste incineration and co-incineration: HCl, SO₂, HF, dioxin pre-quench
- Chemical manufacturing: acid mist from reactor vents, HCl from chlorination
- Mineral processing: silica dust, phosphate dust from dryers and mills
- Sludge drying: odour scrubbing (H₂S, NH₃, mercaptans) upstream of biofilter
- Glass and ceramics: HF from glazing kilns, SO₂ from batch melting
- Metal surface treatment: HCl, HNO₃ pickling fumes

## Regulatory Context (Europe)

Wet scrubbers support compliance with:
- **Industrial Emissions Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU** — BAT conclusions for emission limits
- **Waste Incineration Directive** — HCl <10 mg/Nm³, SO₂ <50 mg/Nm³
- **REACH/CLP** — safe handling of acid/alkali scrubbing liquids

## What to Send for a Quote

1. Gas flow rate (Nm³/h at standard conditions)
2. Gas temperature at scrubber inlet (°C)
3. Contaminants to remove: list all gases and particulates, inlet concentrations (mg/Nm³ or ppm)
4. Required outlet emission limits (mg/Nm³) for each contaminant
5. Scrubbing liquid preference (water, NaOH, H₂SO₄, other)?
6. Available utilities: water supply, chemical storage, blowdown drain?
7. Material constraints (corrosion resistance, temperature)?
8. Applicable emission regulations (IED, waste incineration, other)?

## Supplier

Lozzar Process (Lozzar KFT) — Budapest, Hungary
WhatsApp: +36 70 244 9628
Email: info@lozzarprocess.com
Product page: https://lozzarprocess.com/en/products/gas-treatment/wet-scrubber